Factors associated with depression among the Lebanese population: Results of a cross-sectional study.
Identifieur interne : 000201 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000200; suivant : 000202Factors associated with depression among the Lebanese population: Results of a cross-sectional study.
Auteurs : Sahar Obeid [Liban] ; Nathalie Lahoud [Liban] ; Chadia Haddad [Liban, France] ; Hala Sacre [Liban] ; Marwan Akel [Liban, France] ; Kassandra Fares [Liban] ; Pascale Salameh [Liban] ; Souheil Hallit [Liban]Source :
- Perspectives in psychiatric care [ 1744-6163 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte (MeSH), Alcoolisme (épidémiologie), Anxiété (épidémiologie), Dépression (psychologie), Dépression (épidémiologie), Facteurs de risque (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Idéation suicidaire (MeSH), Intelligence émotionnelle (MeSH), Liban (épidémiologie), Mâle (MeSH), Études transversales (MeSH).
- MESH :
- psychologie : Dépression.
- épidémiologie : Alcoolisme, Anxiété, Dépression, Liban.
- Adulte, Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Humains, Idéation suicidaire, Intelligence émotionnelle, Mâle, Études transversales.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Liban.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Lebanon.
- epidemiology : Alcoholism, Anxiety, Depression.
- psychology : Depression.
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emotional Intelligence, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Suicidal Ideation.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with depression in a representative sample of the Lebanese population.
DESIGN/METHODS
A cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2017 and March 2018, enrolled 789 participants. Depression was measured using the Arabic version of the Hamilton Depression Scale.
RESULTS
The participants' mean age was 30.30 ± 12.52 years (54.8% males). More than half of the participants had depressive symptoms (59.7%). Anxiety (β = .457), alcohol dependence (β = .290), suicidal ideation (β = 1.427), high socioeconomic status (β = 1.910), being widowed (β = 4.564), and physical work fatigue (β = .090) were significantly associated with higher depression. Higher social emotional awareness was significantly associated with lower depression (β = -.176).
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
This study sheds light on high levels of psychological distress and depression among the Lebanese general population and suggests potential preventative strategies.
DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12518
PubMed: 32314394
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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Eddib</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jal Eddib</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jounieh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lahoud, Nathalie" sort="Lahoud, Nathalie" uniqKey="Lahoud N" first="Nathalie" last="Lahoud">Nathalie Lahoud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haddad, Chadia" sort="Haddad, Chadia" uniqKey="Haddad C" first="Chadia" last="Haddad">Chadia Haddad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jal Eddib</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Univ. Limoges, Limoges, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Univ. Limoges, Limoges</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region">Limousin</region><settlement type="city">Limoges</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sacre, Hala" sort="Sacre, Hala" uniqKey="Sacre H" first="Hala" last="Sacre">Hala Sacre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akel, Marwan" sort="Akel, Marwan" uniqKey="Akel M" first="Marwan" last="Akel">Marwan Akel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Univ. Limoges, Limoges, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Univ. Limoges, Limoges</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region">Limousin</region><settlement type="city">Limoges</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fares, Kassandra" sort="Fares, Kassandra" uniqKey="Fares K" first="Kassandra" last="Fares">Kassandra Fares</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jounieh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salameh, Pascale" sort="Salameh, Pascale" uniqKey="Salameh P" first="Pascale" last="Salameh">Pascale Salameh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallit, Souheil" sort="Hallit, Souheil" uniqKey="Hallit S" first="Souheil" last="Hallit">Souheil Hallit</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jounieh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Perspectives in psychiatric care</title><idno type="eISSN">1744-6163</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Alcoholism (epidemiology)</term><term>Anxiety (epidemiology)</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Depression (epidemiology)</term><term>Depression (psychology)</term><term>Emotional Intelligence (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Lebanon (epidemiology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Suicidal Ideation (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Alcoolisme (épidémiologie)</term><term>Anxiété (épidémiologie)</term><term>Dépression (psychologie)</term><term>Dépression (épidémiologie)</term><term>Facteurs de risque (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Idéation suicidaire (MeSH)</term><term>Intelligence émotionnelle (MeSH)</term><term>Liban (épidémiologie)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Études transversales (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Lebanon</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Alcoholism</term><term>Anxiety</term><term>Depression</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dépression</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Depression</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Alcoolisme</term><term>Anxiété</term><term>Dépression</term><term>Liban</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Emotional Intelligence</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Suicidal Ideation</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Idéation suicidaire</term><term>Intelligence émotionnelle</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Liban</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b></p><p>The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with depression in a representative sample of the Lebanese population.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>DESIGN/METHODS</b></p><p>A cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2017 and March 2018, enrolled 789 participants. Depression was measured using the Arabic version of the Hamilton Depression Scale.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>The participants' mean age was 30.30 ± 12.52 years (54.8% males). More than half of the participants had depressive symptoms (59.7%). Anxiety (β = .457), alcohol dependence (β = .290), suicidal ideation (β = 1.427), high socioeconomic status (β = 1.910), being widowed (β = 4.564), and physical work fatigue (β = .090) were significantly associated with higher depression. Higher social emotional awareness was significantly associated with lower depression (β = -.176).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS</b></p><p>This study sheds light on high levels of psychological distress and depression among the Lebanese general population and suggests potential preventative strategies.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32314394</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1744-6163</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>56</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Perspectives in psychiatric care</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Perspect Psychiatr Care</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Factors associated with depression among the Lebanese population: Results of a cross-sectional study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>956-967</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/ppc.12518</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with depression in a representative sample of the Lebanese population.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DESIGN/METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2017 and March 2018, enrolled 789 participants. Depression was measured using the Arabic version of the Hamilton Depression Scale.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The participants' mean age was 30.30 ± 12.52 years (54.8% males). More than half of the participants had depressive symptoms (59.7%). Anxiety (β = .457), alcohol dependence (β = .290), suicidal ideation (β = 1.427), high socioeconomic status (β = 1.910), being widowed (β = 4.564), and physical work fatigue (β = .090) were significantly associated with higher depression. Higher social emotional awareness was significantly associated with lower depression (β = -.176).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">This study sheds light on high levels of psychological distress and depression among the Lebanese general population and suggests potential preventative strategies.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Obeid</LastName><ForeName>Sahar</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lahoud</LastName><ForeName>Nathalie</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haddad</LastName><ForeName>Chadia</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Univ. Limoges, Limoges, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sacre</LastName><ForeName>Hala</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Akel</LastName><ForeName>Marwan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Univ. Limoges, Limoges, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fares</LastName><ForeName>Kassandra</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salameh</LastName><ForeName>Pascale</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hallit</LastName><ForeName>Souheil</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-5689</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>20</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Perspect Psychiatr Care</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0401133</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0031-5990</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>N</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000437" MajorTopicYN="N">Alcoholism</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001007" MajorTopicYN="N">Anxiety</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003863" MajorTopicYN="N">Depression</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D056348" MajorTopicYN="N">Emotional Intelligence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007861" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Lebanon</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D059020" MajorTopicYN="N">Suicidal Ideation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">alexithymia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">anxiety</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">depression</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">self-esteem</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">stress</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">work fatigue</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32314394</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/ppc.12518</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Title>REFERENCES</Title><Reference><Citation>Liu Q, He H, Yang J, Feng X, Zhao F, Lyu J. 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